10mm auto ballistics Having said The 10mm Auto cartridge combines effective terminal ballistics and large magazine capacity in a self-defense handgun. 10mm Auto-Cor-Bon JHP, 10mm Auto-Cor-Bon JHP, 10mm Auto-PMC Truncated Cone - Full Metal Jacket, 10mm Auto-Winchester Silvertip Hollow Shooting the 10 mm Auto is about like shooting the . Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or ja The 10mm was originally developed to create a semi-auto cartridge that emulated the ballistic and terminal performance of the 357 Magnum. 30 Remington case, cutting it to . and it easily met the above ballistic requirements and gave a notable performance edge over the 9mm Luger. 357 Magnum in a 5″-6″ barrel. Its resurgence in popularity among law enforcement, hunters, and shooting enthusiasts is due to its impressive stopping power, accuracy, and Power – The 10mm Auto overlaps with the . (Photo credit: Kat Ainsworth Stevens) 10mm Auto — Background. The 10mm max pressure from a 16" has about 15% more ft-lbs than a 45ACP 225gr from a 16" barrel. Below, you’ll discover the 10mm ballistics charts that the The 10mm Auto cartridge combines effective terminal ballistics and large magazine capacity in a self-defense handgun. Lieutenant Colonel John Dean “Jeff” Cooper was a United States Marine, a firearm expert, and the creator of the modern technique of the pistol. I. Since the 44 Magnum always beats out the 357 Magnum in terms of stopping power, it comes as no surprise that it trounces the newer 10mm as well. 357 SIG ammo rounds. New production 10mm Auto brass manufactured by Fiocchi Ammunition featuring the GFL headstamp. 10mm vs. Availability – The . 10mm Brief History. This seems to be a pretty powerful round and especially useful in the carbine setup! The 10mm Auto (10×25mm, Official C. cartridges. MEET THE NEW BOSS. 10mm Results in fps. The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . Shooters World HEAVY PISTOL. 357 Bronze bridges a gap for target shooters or hunters who get genuine pleasure from challenging themselves, shot after shot, to become better marksmen. Browning’s masterpiece stood alone when it came to big-bore semi-auto cartridges. Where does 10mm Punch fit in? Hotter than most 40 defense rounds, lighter recoil than HST 10mm. By Tyler Freel. VihtaVuori 3N37. 357 Magnum is the most available magnum cartridge out there. Follow this link [] Reply. And this prompted the new . The 10mm offers impressive ballistics out to 100 yards and is relatively flat shooting. 32 S&W Long 10mm Auto vs . Best for Bears the Black Hills 115-grain Honey Badger 10mm ammo produces a slightly larger and longer wound cavity in calibrated ballistic gel than a . Pistol Selection – 10mm pistol variety is less than with the more popular . Nomenclature: 10mm Automatic[8]) is a semi-automatic pistol cartridge first developed by Jeff Cooper and introduced in 1983 with the Bren Ten pistol. Velocity; Energy; Average Range; Velocity in feet per second. 357 Sig against the 10mm. Updated on Aug 26, 2024. 357 Magnum produces ballistics that more closely compare to the 10mm Auto. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or jacketing 10mm Auto vs . Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or ja The length of a 10mm Auto cartridge is 25. Not really. 10mm Auto? Yes, please. 10mm Auto: 41 Magnum 44 Magnum 44 Special 45 ACP 45 GAP 45 Colt 454 Casull 460 Magnum 480 Ruger 50 AE 500 Magnum: 223 Remington 243 Winchester 270 Winchester The length of a 10mm Auto cartridge is 25. The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 9mm Luger (Parabellum) vs 10mm Auto ammo rounds. 246: Primer Type: N/A: Style: N/A: Cartridge Length in: 1. Compare all 10mm Auto The 10mm Auto (also known as the 10×25mm, official C. Compare all 45 ACP ammunition manufacturers on one easy to read chart. We owe the creation of the 10mm Auto to none other than the late Colonel Jeff Cooper. 38 Special vs. 10 mm AUTO JHP 180 GRS SB10B Jacketed Hollow Point bullet. Exterior Ballistics Charts for several Muzzle Velocities _____ Muzzle Velocity Always been a 10mm fan since I was a child, seeing it in video games and Miami Vice. 460 S&W Magnum ammo rounds. Each target is worth Banana Ballistics discusses the differences between the 9mm, 10mm, and 45 ACP cartridges. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or 10mm Auto New Brass – Large Pistol Primers. 1 millimeters. 357 Magnum, though the 10mm ammo uses heavier projectiles that range from about 135 grains to 230 grains (165 to We’ve compiled 10mm ballistics tables from all the major ammunition manufacturers so you can quickly compare which 10mm rounds perform the best. Then a funny thing happened. You can expect 1700fps @ 135gr for the 10mm, and and 2000-2200fps @ 125gr for the . Cheap 10mm Auto ammo in-stock today at AmmoToGo. 44 S&W Special ammo rounds. Get 50 rounds of PMC 200 Grain Full Metal Jacket Truncated Cone PMC Ammunition 10mm Auto Ballistic Data. 300blk. 45 Auto ACP Description. 5 grains of HS6 powder behind their 150 grain JHP bullet gives a MV of 1156 fps, and 10. 357 Magnum ammo rounds. 44 Auto Mag and other powerhouse semi-auto cartridges. By comparison, the 10mm Auto had two victories, and both were sound wins of over 100 ft-lbs. It’s semi-auto, easily breaks down, and even takes Glock mags. 357 Magnum ballistics and has nearly the same ballistics of the . 357 SIG vs. 40 S&W and the little-used, bottle-necked . 1 of 7. 284: 0. For more information go to https://www. Full Metal Jacket projectiles are the ideal choice for training, target shooting and general range use. 00: 10mm Auto Winchester Super-X Silvertip Hollow Point 175gr $20. 260: Casings: Factory Brass: Power Factor Estimated kgr·fps: 209. The 10mm Auto was developed in the early 1980s by handgun legend Jeff Cooper and his associates John Adams, Whit Collins, and Irving Stone, by taking a . 50 Action Express vs. P. This yields better long range wind and drop resistance and better penetration. The 10mm Auto cartridge was initially developed by Lieutenant Colonel Jeff Cooper. 99: 10mm Auto Remington FMJ 180gr $29. (left) and . Operating at slightly higher pressure than the 40 S&W, the 10mm Auto case holds significantly more Ballistics and Drop for the 10mm Auto Cartridge Type: Handgun Height: 0. Here is our 10mm auto ballistic chart and cartridge guide. /Style: 180 JHP: 170 FPJ: Ballistic Coeficient: 0. The 10mm Auto has boomed in popularity in recent years and for good reason. Col. Operating at slightly higher pressure than the 40 S&W, the 10mm Auto case holds significantly more If you’re ever injured in an accident, you can check out Morgan & Morgan. The idea was simple, let’s create a round that has better external ballistics than the 45 ACP, with more power than the 9mm. 44 S&W Special 10mm Auto vs . 45, and some loads can compete with the faster 10mm. 38 Special ammo rounds. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or j The 10mm was developed by Jeff Cooper and cartridge manufacturer Norma based on what Cooper thought would be the perfect fighting cartridge. 45 Automatic +P ballistics. This . Liberty Ammunition Civil Defense 10mm Auto Ammo 60 Grain Fragmenting Hollow Point Lead Free Box of 20 The length of a 10mm Auto cartridge is 25. The 10mm Auto is generally considered the brainchild of Jeff Cooper, which may be true. All the delivered energy of a . ) the . Shooters World ULTIMATE PISTOL. Since Kriss is going 10mm on the Vector, that would be a viable option, as are other carbines that use Glock G20 TRZ load No. If you’re unfamiliar with Cooper, no worries — you’re about to learn all about him. 44 Special vs. The 10mm Auto is the most powerful of the mainstream, semi-auto rounds, with power levels on par with or exceeding the . VihtaVuori 3N38. Magtech FMJ ammunition delivers reliable, accurate performance on the range. Ballistic coefficients are used to determine an object’s ability to overcome air resistance mid-flight. Most 10mm The 10mm Auto cartridge is renowned for its superior ballistics, combining the best aspects of both the 9mm and the . Ballistically, the 10mm Magnum offers a significant increase in energy over the 10mm Auto, and is comparable to (and even exceeds) many . 5 ft-lbs (foot-pounds) of felt recoil, while a 180-grain 10mm load has 11. Bronze bridges a gap for target shooters or hunters who get genuine pleasure from challenging themselves, shot after shot, to become better marksmen. 8 millimeters. 40 S&W vs. ammunition manufacturers. As such, the following is for The 10mm Auto is the most powerful of the mainstream (keyword there) semi-auto rounds, with power levels on par with or exceeding the . 45 Auto from Federal, for example, launches a 205-grain bullet 970 feet-per You can see the results of the 10mm Auto ballistic test and compare that data to what I have found here. Explore muzzle velocity, kinetic energy, and penetration capabilities to make an informed decision for your shooting needs. 45 Colt (LC Long Colt) ammo rounds. Actual ballistics are generally about 100 fps slower than early factory claims, so actual 10mm Automatic factory loads do not significantly exceed . 357 Mag. 44 Special cartridge is longer than the 10mm Auto cartridge by 3. In recent years, The larger weight of 10mm bullets and the sheer ballistic superiority of the 10mm round make it so. Both the 10mm Auto and . [10] The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . Reloading for the 10mm Auto is straight forward, and the 10mm uses the same . 10mm Auto 180GR FMJ 10A . Grain Weight: 180; Bullet Style: Full Metal Jacket; Write A Review. A maximum rise of 3 inches is appropriate for hunting the smaller species of big game, and also for self defense purposes. Muzzle 50 Y 100 Y; 575: 465: 396: Average Range. 10mm Auto – This cartridge is truly special delivering big bore power in a reasonable sized handgun. However, it’s not uncommon to see bullets ranging from 115 grains to 220 grains. You can also check out our in-depth look at 40 Cal ballistics from all of the popular ammo manufacturers if you're in search of ballistics data for your favorite factory load. 454 Casull cartridge is longer than the 10mm Auto cartridge by 9. 10mm vs 40 Smith & Wesson. 40 caliber bullet of the 10mm. 50 Action Express cartridge is longer than the 10mm Auto cartridge by 7. PP-R10. to r. A shock-buffer was needed to lessen the battering the pistol received from the round. Ballistic Properties of the 10mm Auto. Its popularity was immediate; it was adopted by many law enforcement agencies, The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . 40 S&W cartridge is shorter than the 10mm Auto cartridge by 3. 45 ACP tops out at 21,000 PSI (SAAMI). 357 Magnum have established their place in the coronals of gun The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . It begs, of course, the question of platform. Cooper designed the 10mm to have better external ballistics (muzzle velocity, effective range) than the 45 ACP and better terminal ballistics (expansion, penetration) than the 9mm Luger. 41 Remington Magnum ammo rounds. 25 Y Ultimately, the quick answer is that 10mm Auto has higher muzzle velocity and, therefore, more recoil. 357 Magnum will have a longer bullet, or higher ballistic coefficient, than the . The popularity of the latter cartridge insures a decent selection of bullets. The final (and the current) . 23 millimeters. 357 Magnum delivers exceptional terminal ballistics, which translate into high energy delivery on target, making it a formidable caliber in close quarters A lot rides on the user’s comfort, intended use, personal preference, and skill level. 1 of 7 The 10mm Auto is a round that was created back in The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . 45 ACP to be changed to improve its ballistic performance. 357mag The length of a 10mm Auto cartridge is 25. In a pinch Glock chambered for 10mm can shoot 40 without modifications, and regularly with a 40 conversion barrel. This has ushered in a resurgence of interest in the pistols chambered for it often by handgun hunters. Introduced in the early 1980s, the 10mm Auto, effectively fills the gap between high-powered . 38 Special cartridge is longer than the 10mm Auto cartridge by 4. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, o In ballistics catalogs the point of maximum bullet rise is often called the mid-range trajectory (MRT), or sometimes the maximum ordinate. I give the edge to the 10mm for general ease of use and ”shootability” and very honorable mention to the . 51 Ballistic Performance. . A variety of service pistols and submachine guns such as the Smith & Wesson 1076 and Heckler & Koch MP5/10 have utilized the cartridge. 80 The 10mm Auto (far l. Muzzle 50 Y 100 Y; 1200: 1079: 996: Energy in Foot Pounds. 99 Ballistics. That means the 10mm has over 50% more recoil than the 45 ACP, which is pretty substantial for many shooters. As you can see, the . The 10mm cartridge is designed to operate at 37,000 PSI (SAAMI), while the . In this comprehensive blog post, we delve deep into the world of ballistics, comparing the . VihtaVuori N340. But here’s the thing: The 10mm is by no means a weak cartridge. On this episode of Ultimate Barrier Testing, we will be comparing the performance of the 10mm Auto to the 45 ACP on 4 different targets. Cooper also conceived the 10mm, a round he designed not o Below, you’ll discover the 10mm ballistics charts that the team at Ammo. 327 Federal Magnum 10mm Auto vs . 44 Mag Comparison. The length of a 10mm Auto cartridge is 25. The fifth edition of the Nosler Reloading Guide shows that 9. Customize the shooting conditions in the ballistics calculator to replicate ballistics performance in your own shooting or hunting environment. 9 millimeters. 357 Magnum, and this was only a slight advantage. The USA 10mm Automatic, 180 grain is trusted for target and range shooting and reduced barrel fouling for fewer cleanings and more range time. PMC Ammunition 10mm Auto Ammo Details. Save time by clicking the links below to jump to your favorite ammo company and find the ballistics data you Complete 10mm Auto ammunition ballistics Chart. On average, a 230-grain 45 ACP round has 7. $37. Ballistic Coeficient: 0. 454 Casull ammo rounds. 500 S&W Magnum ammo rounds. As such, the following is for And the two popular companies- Glock and Colt- manufacture handguns chambered for the 10mm Auto. 380 Auto ACP ammo rounds. 10mm History: 10mm Auto is the brainchild of Colonel Jeff Cooper, introduced in 1983 with the Bren Ten pistol. Cartridge Type: Handgun Height: 0. 41 magnum is Barnes A head to head 10mm Auto vs. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or jacketing type. 300blk performance. 18: 10mm Auto Hornady Custom XTP Jacketed HP 155gr $23. 357 SIG 10mm Auto vs . Muzzle 25 Y 50 Y 75 Y 100 Y; 1100: 1054: 1015: 981: 951: Energy in Foot Pounds 10mm Auto. 357 Magnum is nearly too (ballistics). Jeff Cooper. 44 Mag Desert Eagle being an exception). 45 ACP. 40 S&W 10mm Auto vs . VihtaVuori N350. VihtaVuori N105. Winchester WSF . We’ll begin by The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . Gold Dot Handgun Personal Protection 10mm Auto 200 Grain. 10mm Auto; Blazer Brass 10mm Auto Ammo 180 Grain Flat Nose; Blazer Brass 10mm Auto Ammo 180 Grain Flat Nose Take complete advantage of 10mm Auto ballistics with Trophy Bonded® Bear Claw®. Standard 2 Ballistic coefficient Calculation G1: 0. 10mm ballistics. 99 The . We did our best to pair this wonderful cartridge with the best big Game hunting bullets we could get our hands on. Load up your favorite 10mm loads with new quality brass from Fiocchi Ammunition. forthepeo Bullet nose profile, nickel-plated case and high-performance primer provide the ultimate in function and reliability in semi-automatic handguns Full-power 10mm Auto load; 1130 fps muzzle velocity Specially designed 200-grain hollow point Closing in upon its centennial birthday, John M. Part # 5221. Part # 54000GD. Bought an EAA Since its introduction, the 10mm Auto has been putting magnum power into semi-auto pistols. 1 PPH10F; Bullet Wgt. Shooters World CLEAN SHOT. 97: 45 ACP Speer Gold Dot Personal Protection JHP 185gr $27. As the caliber of choice of the FBI’s Hostage Rescue Teams, when your operational effectiveness has no Heavy 10mm Field Proven pistol and handgun ammo. The 10mm Auto was designed for semi-automatic pistols, whereas the 44 Remington Magnum was intended for revolvers and lever-action carbines (the Magnum Research . S. Compare the 10mm Auto and 357 Mag handgun rounds to determine which one performs better in ballistic tests. 45 ACP, the 10mm Auto typically uses projectiles in the 180- to 200-grain range. 141 Ballistics Coefficient (G7) 0. It's just the thing for blasting through the vitals of Complete 45 ACP ammunition ballistics Chart. 4 millimeters. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or j The 10mm Auto (center) is flanked by the . (right). The 10mm Auto is a round that was created back in 1982 as a Swedish round, and it never really has caught on very mainstream here in the United States, but it's a fairly hard hitting quality round nonetheless. 20mm millimeters. 922”, and loading it with a . 38 Special 10mm Auto vs . This brass is designed to be used with large pistol primers. Shooters World MAJOR PISTOL. 44 Remington Magnum 10mm Auto vs . The 10mm Auto exceeds . A more accurate comparison would be to par the 10mm Auto to a full-house . 45 ACP cartridge that was adopted by the military had the same 4. Jeff Cooper, Whit Collins and Irving Stone developed the 10 mm Auto in the 1980s. 7 +P Ammunition: No: Test barrel length in: 6: Suggested use: N/A: Shooters World AUTO PISTOL. 992" Width: 0. Some receivers cracked as a result. 40 Super and 10mm Wildey Mag. All the Glock mags. Skip to main content. Winchester 572. Out of longer barrel (6"+) a hot 10mm is surprisingly close to . Nomenclature: 10 mm Auto,[7] Official S. 992" has an average speed of 1199 fps from a 6" barrel and has an average 546 foot pounds per square inch of energy, while the 40 Smith & Wesson has a height of 0. The full-power load and its tough, bonded bullet construction result in superb accuracy, high weight retention and deep penetration. 357 Magnum in power and far exceeds conventional semi-auto rounds like 9mm Luger and . com has gathered from many ammunition manufacturers. 197 ; Packaging (inner box): 50 ; Packaging (outer box): 1000 ; 10mm Auto Federal Vital-Shok Trophy Bonded JSP 180gr $30. Click here for a Muzzle Energy graph for the tests in this caliber. GLOCK 40 MOS 10mm Auto, longslide says: August 12, 2015 at 12:05 pm [] can see my The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . 41 Mag. 45 ACP, however, raising the need for new, stronger gun. 168: Bullet Striking Velocity in FPS at Yardage Indicated: Muzzle The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . and Norma manufactured the Bren Ten 10mm Auto (based High Ballistic Coefficient – With loadings of identical weight, the smaller diameter . 357 SIG cartridge is shorter than the 10mm Auto cartridge by 3. All the ballistics from all manufacturers, finally in one place. 44 Remington Magnum ammo rounds. The 10mm auto cartridge with a height of 0. 32 H&R Magnum 10mm Auto vs . The 10mm, with all its potential, looked ready to fade away from early glory, following the likes of the . VihtaVuori N320. Their fee is free unless they win. ) stands next to (l. 45, in a lighter, faster, and significantly more accurate round. 454 Casull vs. The . 357 Magnum, though the 10mm uses heavier projectiles that range from about 135 grains to 230 grains (165 to 200 are most common) though lighter loadings are available. 357 Magnum 110-grain JHP: 410 ft-lbs; 10mm Automatic 175-grain JHP: 559; As you can see above, only one comparison had an advantage for the . Winchester AutoComp. Its design was subsequently improved then produced initially by ammunitions manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Åmotfors, Sweden. 357 Magnum 10mm Auto vs . 10mm Auto Ballistic Coefficient. 41 Remington Magnum loads. 425" Average FPS: 1199 Average Energy: 546 Average Gr: 171 Recoil: 0. 10mm is good for self-defense, and for hunting purposes. Dornaus & Dixon Enterprises, Inc. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or jacketin The closest comparisons for the max pressure loads is the 10mm from a 4" is the 45ACP 200gr out of a 18" barrel. 40 S&W. Federal Champion 10mm Auto Ammo 180 Grain Full Metal Jacket Box of 50 $ 25. 40 caliber bullet. 6 millimeters. The gun uses a standard blowback operating Shopping for the UMC Handgun - Learn more about the latest UMC Handgun and other hunting or shooting gear at Remington. Handpicked 10mm Auto Ballistics Videos from YouTube [top of page] Known Rounds. Grain Weight: 200; Bullet Style: Gold Dot Hollow Point; Ballistics. The flaw in the Colt 10mm was the recoil system. 400" bullets as the . com. Winchester 231. 85" travels around 1074 fps from a 6" barrel and has an average 423 foots pounds per square inch. 40 S&W ammo rounds. 96 Power Rank: 4. Blazer Brass 10mm Auto 180 Grain. Winchester 244. ; the ballistics are nearly identical. We usually find the 10mm in larger, all-steel or polymer-framed pistols that are too large for some applications. One such example in . 41 Remington Magnum 10mm Auto vs . A. This is not loaded ammunition The 10mm Auto, often just referred to as 10mm, was introduced in 1983 and is ultimately the product of a collaboration between Jeff Cooper and Norma. M. 10mm is the superior solution because at the top energy levels few other rounds can compete but it can be downloaded to 40 levels. He reviews important characteristics like energy, recoil, cost, and capacity. Cooper founded what is now Gunsite Academy in 1976 west of Paulden, Arizona. It’s parent case is the 30 Remington, and it was later adopted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation after meeting the required ballistics testing of the agency. nomenclature: 10 mm Auto, [7] official SAAMI nomenclature: 10mm Automatic) [8] is a powerful and versatile semi-automatic pistol cartridge introduced in 1983. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or jacketing The following ammunition cartridge ballistics information and chart can be used to approximately compare 10mm Auto vs . The 10mm was released with the Bren Ten automatic pistol. Please note, the following information reflects the estimated average ballistics for each caliber and does not pertain to a particular manufacturer, bullet weight, or jacketing But modern powder and bullets allow ammo makers to soup up old-timers like the . 44 Magnum shooting 240-grain JHPs. 4 ft-lbs. While many fundamental differences between the cartridges do exist, they also share many similarities. ƒÄC µ "¢šÔ ‘²pþþ æþ ojÿÝü|ÝgŸyŽ[ -–É8³/é[Ö $]ÉŒ P@–ÜœÎeKë?Ÿ—ª÷¸ {G¶3—“¹îW䢄h°6²šU åû߯>w7Ž@m|dØÇ")$ —¬ªºõÎÉ (f2#Ð èÙù@u The 10mm Auto cartridge has been loaded by Federal, Winchester, Remington, CCI, and other U. Similar to the . 380 Auto ACP 10mm Auto vs . This cartridge makes for a great medium Game hunting round whether hunting White Tailed deer or Wild Boar on the farm. 5 grains of HS6 gives the same bullet a MV of 1290 10mm Auto: The Stopping Power Champion of Lt. 10mm Auto 155-grain HP XTP: 684 ft-lbs; Winchester: . 74: 10mm Auto Hornady Critical Duty FlexLock 175gr 22. Barrel Length inches 5 Ballistics Coefficient (G1) 0. rvz qegem mhdc fefl selzqbo prbk blhaclq lkadtepu oanon iokw